The International Center for Research and Postgraduate Training in Mathematics under the auspices of UNESCO (referred to as the UNESCO Math Center) is proposed to be established under the direction of the Minister of Science and Technology in order to become one of excellent research units that meet the requirements of a "regional and world-class basic research institution capable of addressing national key issues in science and technology" , set out in Decision 448 / QD-TTg dated 14/4/2012, approving the science and technology development strategy for 2011-2020.

On February 3, 2015, the Ministry of Science and Technology submitted Report 331 / TTr-BKHCN to the Prime Minister asking for participation in the network of scienctific centers recognized and auspiced by UNESCO. On February 14, 2015, the Government Office issued Official Letter 1259 / VPCP-KGVX, agreeing with the policy of the Ministry of Science and Technology.

After the negotiation process between the Ministry of Science and Technology and UNESCO, on October 26, 2015 at the 38th meeting in 2015, the UNESCO General Assembly approved the decition on the establishment of two centers for mathematics and physics in Vietnam under the auspices of UNESCO (center of type 2).

On August 24, 2017 in Hanoi, the Ministry of Science and Technology and UNESCO's General Director signed an agreement on the establishment The International Center for Research and Postgraduate Training in Mathematics and International Physics Center at the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.

On March 5, 2018, the President of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology issued Decree 307/QD-VHL on the establishment of the International Center for Mathematics Research and Training and Decision 308/QD- VHL on organization and operation of the The International Center for Research and Postgraduate Training in Mathematics.

On April 11, 2020, the Prime Minister signed Resolution No. 43/NQ-CP approving the Agreement between the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on the establishment of the International Centre for Research and Postgraduate Training in Mathematics under the auspices of UNESCO (Center of type 2) in Hanoi, Vietnam.

On May 12, 2021, the Prime Minister issued Decision No. 701/QD-TTg approving the agreement between the Government of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on the establishment of the International Centre for Research and Postgraduate Training in Mathematics under the auspices of UNESCO (Center of type 2) in Hanoi, Vietnam.